belden



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet I. L. BELDEN.

HYDRAULIC APPARATUS. No. 337,118. Patented Mar. 2, 1886.

(No Model.)

L. BELDEN. HYDRAULIC APPARATUS.

Patented Mar. 2, 1886.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Stearns' .arnsrr sie.

Lastra BELDEN, or New Yonx, n. Y.

HY RAULEC APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Lettera Patent No. 337.118, dated March 2, 1886. Application iilod July 11, 1885. Serial No. 171,285. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.:

Beit known that I, LESLIE BnLnnN, ofthe city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Hydraulic Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my improvement is to produce a portable tool which may be operated by hy draulic pressure to perform work requiring great power, and withal to so construct the tool that it may be used in any position.

I will describe a tool embodying my improvement, and then 'point out the essential features in claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure .1 is a sectional elevation of a tool embodying my improvement. Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the same,taken at the plane ofthe dotted line :v 4v, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a partly sectional end view ot' a piston comprised in the tool, as the same appears looking from the side which is undermost in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation, the parts not in section being shown as they appear in a plane at right angles to 2 5 the plane of Fig. 1,and the section being taken on the plane of the dotted line y y, Fig. 3; and Fig. 5 is a view, partly broken away and partly in section illustrating a modification thereof.

The frame of this tool consists, essentially, of a cylinder, A, for containing water or other liquid, iinger-pieces A', and an extension, A2.

As shown, the cylinder A and finger-pieces A are formed integral, and the extension A is made approximately in the shape of the letter J, and made integral with a movable head or end of the cylinder.

A convenient way of securing the J -shaped extension A tothe -cylinder A and finger- 4c pieces A is to provide the removable head of the cylinder with an internally screw-threaded flange engaging with a screw-thread upon the `exterior of the cylinder, and to insert a screw through the upper part of the J -shaped extension and engage it with a tapped hole in the upper portion of the cylinder A. 'lhe lowerl portion ofthe J -shaped extension extends into a position which is approximately opposite the center of the cylinder. This J -shaped ex- 5o tension has fastened to it one of a pair'of instruments which are to be used in the toolas, for instance, one of a pair of 'shears-or it Vnection between the finger-pieces A.

may have a -rest to hold a piece of material which is to be operated upon by a movable instrument.

The movable instrument used in the tool derives its motion from apiston, B, fitted in the cylinder A. The piston B has a shank or rod, B', which extends through that end of the cylinder which is opposite the end of the extension A2. In this instance the rod of the piston passes through the removable head of the cylinder, and such head is provided on the inner side with a flange, b, whereby the rod and the piston will be eil'eetively guided, and on the outer side with a smiling-box, b'.

The movable instrument used in the tool is fastened in the outer end of the piston in any suitable manner.

In the piston and piston-rod a cylindrical cavity, b", is formed. A ram or plunger, C, operates in this cavity. This plunger extends through the piston at the side which is most distant from the piston-rod,"passing through a suitable packing, which prevents leakage around it. The plunger C also passes through a stuing-box, a, formed upon the adjacent end of the cylinder A. The plunger outside the cylinder A passes through a connection between the two. finger-pieces A', and at the outer extremity is provided with acrossbar, C. A spring, C, surrounds the plunger between crossbar C and a portion of the clenhe spring (l2 moves the plunger outwardly. The plunger may be forced inwardly by placing the palm of the hand upon the outer side of vthe cross-bar C', grasping the finger-pieces A', and then contracting the hand, so as to move y the cross-bar toward t-he inger-pieces.

A simple means for packing the plunger C in the piston B consists of two disks, D D', of leather or other suitable material, having their inner edges bent in different directions into contact with the plunger C. The disk D, having its outer edge bent at right angles, so as to bear against the interior of the cylinder A, also serves to pack the piston B in the cy1inder A. A ring or annular plate, D, fastened to the piston in any suitable manner-as, for instance, by screws passing through it,through the disks D-D, and entering tapped holes iu the piston B-serves to retain the disks D D in place. It is intended that the plunger shall IDO be forced inward to its full extent, andthen allowed to be moved outwardly by the spring C* alternately. Liquid'which is contained in the cylinder A between the piston B and the removable head ot' the cylinder will ow into the cavity b during the outward movement of the plunger C. 'lhe liquid in the cavity b will be forced into the cylinder A at the other side of the piston B when the plunger C is moved inwardly. The liquid flows into the cavity b from between the removable head of the cylinder A and the piston B throughv a port, b. thence into a valve-chamber, b, and ultimately through a port, b, its passage through the valve-chmuher being permitted by the opening of a valve, E. The opening of this vulve is resisted by a spring which surrounds its shank or stem.V Theliquid is caused to flow into the cavity b past thevalve E by reason Iof a reduction ot' the pressure induced by the outward movement of the plunger C within the cavity b and the pressure of the atmosphere acting upon the liquid through a vent with which the removable head of the cylinder A is provided. The air-vent just mentioned is shown as consisting of a hole extending longitudinally through a screw. d. This vent does not extend to the liquid within the cylinder A, but to a portion ot the cylinder A which is separated from the liquid-containing portion of the cylinder by means ol' a diaphragm, G. The diaphragm may consist of a movable piston; but as here shown it is of flexible construction, being made in form of an-annular vessel occupying thespace between the flange b of the removable head of the cylinder and the interior of the cylinder A. It is of bellows-like construction. When a reduction of pressure is caused by the outward movement of the plunger C, the pressure of the atmosphere,acting through the vent d upon the diaphragm G, causes the liquid to iiow, as described, from the cylinderA intoa cavity, b. The liquid expelled from the cavity b by the inward movement of the plunger C passes out through a port, b, into a valve-chamber, b1, and thence through a port, b, into the cylinder A at the side ot' the piston B which is most distant from the piston-rod. In the valve-chamber bT is a valve, H, which opens inwardly into this valve-chamber to permit the liquid to pass by it. This valve H is closed by the pressure of liquid when a reduction'of pressure is caused within the cavity b by the outward movement of the plunger C. Its closing is also aided by a spiral spring which is combined with it. The inner end of the plunger docs not lit tightly within the cavity b; hence the liquid contained in the cavity b can pass by the inner end of said plunger. The forcing of the liquid from the cavity b into the cylinder A in the manner described causes the piston B to move toward the removable head of the cylinder A. The movable instrument used in the tool is thus forced with great power toward the J-shaped extension A. This movement of the piston is not interfered with by the liquid contained inthe cylinder A between the piston and the removable head, because the diaphragmG will be free `to yield and expel air to nu extent which will be suicient to accommodate this liquid in the outward movement of the plunger C. During its operation for the purpose otcausing tbe movement of this piston B toward the removable head of the cylinder A, a head, h, which is formed at the inner end of the plunger, is not moved outwardly as fur asit is possible to move it. After the tool has performed the work required of it, and it becomes therefore desirable to return the movable instrument to its original position, the cross-bar C is grasped and pulled outwardly, the head at the inner end ofthe plunger C is drawn outwardly to its extreme position, and owing to such head being made of anoutwardly-tapering form it forces the valve H inwardly in its valve-chamber. In this movement the valvel H is forced lagainst a valve, I, controlling a port, t', that communicates with the valve-chamber b', in which the valve H is arranged, and' extends thence through the piston B toward the removable head of the cylinder A. Owing to the valve I being thus opened the liquid which is contaiu'ed in the cylinder A at the side of the piston B which is most distant from the pistonrod may pass through the port b into the valve-chamber b, and thence through the port i into the cylinder A at the other side of the piston B, thereby permitting of the drawing of the piston B in the direction last described by pulling ou the cross-bar C.

The various paris ot' my tool may be made of metal, except as otherwise described, and with the exception of the diaphragm G, when it is of a flexible construction. In order that it shall be of a flexible construction, providing a considerable range of movement, it will be preferably made of india-rubber or leather, although where but a small range of movement is required of it it lnay be made of a plate of spring metal made flat or corrugated, similarly to the diaphragm of a gage.

The diaphragm G which I have shown is secured to the removable head of the cylinder A by means ot' the screw d and a. nut, d', engaging with the same. There may be any desirable number of screws d and nuts d'.

The cylinder A may be charged with liquid through holes in its heads, closed alterward by means of screws f.

The combination of parts which involves the cylinder, piston, diaph mgm, and air-vent ina be used in other apparatus.-

I want it to be distinctly understood that the form of my diaphragm may be greatly varied. Its function is to separate liquid used in the cylinder from the atmosphere and to yield to variations iu pressure. It may even be a flexible chamber or receptacle outside the cylinder. I have illustrated such a chamber or receptacle in Fig. 5.

IIO

between the liquid-space of the cylinder andV the at-nwsphere, substantially as specified.

2. In an apparatus constructed to be operxo ated with hydraulic pressure, the combination of a cylinder for containing liquid, a pistou fitted therein, a'plungcr, a cavity receiving the plunger, ports and valves whereby liquid may pass from one side of the piston to the cavity in which the plunger works, and subsequentl y from the cavity to the other side of the piston. an air-vent, and a diaphragm between the liquid-space of the cylinder and the atmosphere, substantially as specified.

3. In an apparatus constructed to be operated with hydraulic pressure, the combination of a cylinder for containing liquid, a piston iitted therein, a plunger', al cavity receiving the plunger, ports and valves whereby liquid may pass from one side of the piston to the cavity in which the plunger works, and subsequently from the cavity to the other side of the piston, a valve which will open when'the piston is ,inoved back toits norinalvposition', an air-vent, and a diaphragm between the liquid-space and the atmosphere, substantially as specified.

LESLIE n BELDEN.

Witnesses:

EDWIN H; BROWN, JAS. R. BOWEN. 

